MSCs-derived exosomes

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that are released from cells upon fusion of an intermediate endocytic compartment, the multivesicular body (MVB), with the plasma membrane. They are thought to provide a means of intercellular communication and of transmission of macromolecules between cells allowing the spread of proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA and DNA and as contributing factors in the development of several diseases. Exosomes can also modulate cancer microenvironment and the immune response. In this sense, it is well known that Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are clinically useful for cell-based therapy, however some studies have shown that MSC-derived Exosomes emulate the effect of MSCs in various experimental models, stimulating cell proliferation and repair.